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Out 4: Mo ( Can actually be from 5v-35v, just marked as 12v).

Motors will last much longer and be more reliable if controlled through PWM. The longer the pulses the faster the wheel will turn, the shorter the pulses, the slower the water wheel will turn. Take the water wheel analogy and think of the water hitting it in pulses but at a constant flow. Motors are rated at certain voltages and can be damaged if the voltage is applied to heavily or if it is dropped quickly to slow the motor down. The voltage would be the water flowing over the wheel at a constant rate, the more water flowing the higher the voltage. In motors try to imagine the brush as a water wheel and electrons as a the flowing droplets of water.

* Pulse Width Modulation is a means in controlling the duration of an electronic pulse.

H-Bridge's are typically used in controlling motors speed and direction, but can be used for other projects such as driving the brightness of certain lighting projects such as high powered LED arrays.Īn H-Bridge is a circuit that can drive a current in either polarity and be controlled by *Pulse Width Modulation (PWM).